Concerns about the state actors trying to gain more influence in a standard setting organisations are growing in the US. The United States National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) signed into law in January 2021 directed the National Institute of Standards and Technology of US Department of Commerce (NIST) to create the study with respect to "the effect of the policies of the People's Republic of China and coordination among industrial entities within the People's Republic of China on international bodies engaged in developing and setting international standards for emerging technologies."