Republican Senators Ted Cruz and John Thune have introduced the 'Spectrum Pipeline' bill, which aims to auction off US government-owned spectrum to enhance commercial wireless 5G networks. This comes after the expiration of the Federal Communications Commission's authority to auction off spectrum in March 2023, leading to discussions on repurposing or sharing the spectrum used by the Defence Department. The demand for spectrum usage has increased due to advancements in technology, such as drones, self-driving vehicles, moon missions, and precision agriculture. In 2022, mobile US wireless data traffic experienced the largest-ever increase, rising by 38%.

The Spectrum Pipeline bill requires the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) under the Department of Commerce to identify at least 2,500 megahertz of mid-band spectrum to be reallocated for non-governmental or shared use within the next five years. Additionally, the bill mandates the auctioning of at least 1,250 megahertz of spectrum for commercial wireless services, including 5G, within six years, and at least 600 megahertz within three years. The Senators argue that expanding commercial access to mid-band spectrum is crucial for the US to lead in next-generation wireless technologies, maintain an advantage over adversaries, and drive significant economic growth.

While the NTIA has taken steps to free up additional wireless spectrum, it has faced criticism from Republicans for not progressing quickly enough. The White House's National Spectrum Strategy and presidential memorandum include a study of over 2,700 megahertz of spectrum for potential repurposing, with a strong focus on mid-band spectrum.

The CTIA, an industry group representing major telecom companies, supports the Spectrum Pipeline bill, arguing that it will create a robust pipeline of licensed spectrum to meet the growing demand for wireless data usage, safeguard national security, and promote competition in the home broadband market.

However, three other senators have urged the Biden administration to prioritize military radar systems over commercial wireless, expressing concerns about potentially stripping the Defense Department of spectrum. It is essential to strike a balance between the needs of commercial wireless development and national security interests. Auctions of spectrum have proven lucrative for the US government, raising approximately$233 billion over the last three decades. This historical success further supports the Spectrum Pipeline bill as a potential revenue stream for the government.

About the Spectrum Pipeline

The Spectrum Pipeline refers to a strategic plan for making available more spectrum for both the private and public sectors to support the growth of next-generation technologies and services in the United States. This includes repurposing existing spectrum bands for new or additional uses through relocation and/or sharing, with a focus on mid-band frequencies. The National Spectrum Strategy, as outlined in Pillar One, identifies five spectrum bands totaling 2,786 megahertz for in-depth study to determine suitability for potential repurposing to address the nation's evolving needs. The goal is to ensure sufficient spectrum access for Federal agency missions and private sector innovation, while maintaining the spectrum pipeline by applying guiding principles and leading program management practices to identify additional bands for stud