OpenAI CEO Sam Altman has warned that the United States may be underestimating China's rapid advances in AI. He argued that export controls on semiconductors are unlikely to be a reliable long-term solution to the global AI race.

At a press briefing in San Francisco, Altman said the competition cannot be reduced to a simple scoreboard. China can expand inference capacity more quickly, even as Washington tightens restrictions on advanced semiconductor exports.

He expressed doubts about the effectiveness of purely policy-driven approaches. 'You can export-control one thing, but maybe not the right thing... workarounds exist,' Altman said. He stressed that chip controls may not keep pace with technological realities.

His comments come as US policy becomes increasingly complex. President Trump halted advanced chip supplies in April, while the Biden administration recently allowed 'China-safe' chips, requiring Nvidia and AMD to share revenue. Critics call the rules contradictory and difficult to enforce.

Meanwhile, Chinese firms are accelerating efforts to replace US suppliers, with Huawei and others building domestic alternatives. Altman suggested this push for self-sufficiency could undermine Washington's goals, raising questions about America's strategy in the AI race.