GSMA has publisheda set of security guidelines for the Internet of Things (IoT), laying down several recommendations on how the industry (IoT service providers, device manufacturers, developers, and network operators) can mitigate threats and weaknesses within IoT services. According to GSMA, the recommendations consider available solutions, standards and best practices in the field of security.  The guidelines make reference to four categories of security challenges that need to be resolved in order for the IoT to evolve effectively" availability (constant connectivity between endpoints in the IoT), identity (authenticating endpoint, services and users), privacy (reducing the potential for harm to end users) and security (ensuring system integrity).